{"id":13670,"date":"2019-11-26T19:39:52","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T19:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/einar\/?p=13670"},"modified":"2019-11-26T19:39:52","modified_gmt":"2019-11-26T19:39:52","slug":"magnus-arason-landmaelingamadur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/?p=13670","title":{"rendered":"Magn\u00fas Arason landm\u00e6lingama\u00f0ur"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00deetta yfirlit var upphaflega birt \u00ed desember 2017 sem hluti af f\u00e6rslunni Rit eftir \u00cdslendinga \u00e1 l\u00e6rd\u00f3ms\u00f6ld: St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar l\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistir<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega l\u00e6rd\u00f3msmannsins og lat\u00ednusk\u00e1ldsins Magn\u00fasar Arasonar er n\u00fa einkum minnst sem fyrsta \u00edslenska landm\u00e6lingamannsins. Eftir n\u00e1m og st\u00f6rf \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn gekk Magn\u00fas \u00ed mannvirkjasveit danska hersins og var a\u00f0 lokum sendur til \u00cdslands til landm\u00e6linga. Hann drukkna\u00f0i vi\u00f0 sl\u00edk st\u00f6rf \u00e1ri\u00f0 1728. Lesa m\u00e1 um \u00e6vi Magn\u00fasar\u00a0h\u00e9r<\/a>, en \u00edtarlegri l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 n\u00e1mi hans og st\u00f6rfum m\u00e1 finna h\u00e9r<\/a> (bls. 20-25).<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00c1 \u00e1runum 1707 til 1710 disp\u00fatera\u00f0i Magn\u00fas fimm sinnum vi\u00f0 Hafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la og l\u00e9t prenta alla fyrirlestrana. \u00derj\u00e1r af disp\u00fatat\u00edunum voru um tungli\u00f0, ein um beltaskiptingu jar\u00f0ar og s\u00fa fimmta um \u00fer\u00edhyrningam\u00e6lingar. \u00de\u00e1 gaf hann \u00fat erfilj\u00f3\u00f0 eftir kennara sinn Ole R\u00f8mer.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0Fyrirlestrar um tungli\u00f0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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Disp\u00fatat\u00edur Magn\u00fasar Arasonar um tungli\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00e1runum 1708 til 1710 eru allar \u00ed fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungsbroti. Samanlagt eru \u00fe\u00e6r 15 stuttir kaflar \u00e1 22 s\u00ed\u00f0um.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0\u00cd fyrstu disp\u00fatat\u00edunni<\/a> er r\u00e6tt um tunglslj\u00f3si\u00f0, hvort tungli\u00f0 framlei\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft, e\u00f0a hvort um s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a endurkast fr\u00e1 s\u00f3linni. S\u00ed\u00f0an r\u00e6\u00f0ir Magn\u00fas um kvartilaskipti tunglsins, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al um uppruna or\u00f0sins \u201efasis\u201c (fasi). \u00de\u00e1 l\u00fdsir hann \u00ed sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um breytilegu \u00fatliti tunglsins eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvar \u00fea\u00f0 er statt mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00f3lina. Einnig fjallar hann stuttlega um mikilv\u00e6gi kvartilaskipta fyrir hin \u00fdmsu t\u00edmat\u00f6l.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00cd\u00a0<\/span>annarri dis<\/span>p\u00fatat\u00edunni<\/a> fjallar Magn\u00fas um fornar og n\u00fdjar hugmyndir um hugsanlegan lofthj\u00fap \u00e1 tunglinu og heldur \u00fev\u00ed fram, a\u00f0 \u00fear s\u00e9 ekkert andr\u00famsloft. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed sambandi bendir hann \u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201efyrir l\u00f6ngu alkunna af stj\u00f6rnum, sem hverfa ef \u00fe\u00e6r ganga \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 tungli\u00f0 og koma fram undan aftur og sj\u00e1st sk\u00fdrt \u00ed stj\u00f6rnuk\u00edki b\u00e6\u00f0i undan og eftir fast vi\u00f0 tunglja\u00f0arinn<\/em>\u201c. S\u00ed\u00f0an r\u00e6\u00f0ir Magn\u00fas fram og aftur um \u00fe\u00e1 sta\u00f0reynd, a\u00f0 \u00e1 hverjum t\u00edma, nema vi\u00f0 tunglmyrkva, s\u00e9 r\u00famlega helmingur tunglsins uppl\u00fdstur af s\u00f3larlj\u00f3si. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an s\u00e9 s\u00fa, a\u00f0 s\u00f3lin s\u00e9 st\u00e6rri en tungli\u00f0.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00deri\u00f0ja og s\u00ed\u00f0asta disp\u00fatat\u00edan<\/a> fjallar um atri\u00f0i, er me\u00f0al annars tengjast heimsmynd stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0innar. Eftir sk\u00e1ldlegan form\u00e1la um \u00e1g\u00e6ti talnafr\u00e6\u00f0i og r\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0i beitir Magn\u00fas a\u00f0fer\u00f0 Aristarkosar fr\u00e1 Samos<\/a> til a\u00f0 finna fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0ina til s\u00f3lar. S\u00ed\u00f0an notar hann \u00feri\u00f0ja l\u00f6gm\u00e1l Keplers<\/a> til a\u00f0 finna fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 hinna reikistjarnanna fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0punkti s\u00f3lkerfisins.<\/p>\n

Magn\u00fas l\u00fdkur \u00feri\u00f0ju disp\u00fatat\u00edunni me\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a um lengdar\u00e1kvar\u00f0anir. Hann tekur fram, a\u00f0 venjulega s\u00e9 lengdarmunur sta\u00f0a fundinn me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 atbur\u00f0um \u00e1 himni, sem h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 t\u00edmasetja n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega \u00e1 b\u00e1\u00f0um st\u00f6\u00f0um. Til d\u00e6mis megi nota s\u00f3l- og tunglmyrkva \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi og ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur myrkva J\u00fap\u00edterstungla. Hann heldur \u00fev\u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0an fram, a\u00f0 einnig megi hafa gagn \u201eaf kvartilaskiptum tunglsins og hven\u00e6r birta fellur \u00e1 au\u00f0\u00feekkt kennileiti \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0i \u00feess<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n

Fjalla\u00f0 er um disp\u00fatat\u00edur Magn\u00fasar um tungli\u00f0 \u00ed frekari sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um \u00ed grein Einars H. Gu\u00f0mundssonar fr\u00e1 2008<\/a> (bls. 18-19).<\/p>\n

Beltaskipting jar\u00f0arinnar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fyrirlestur Magn\u00fasar Arasonar,\u00a0Um belti jar\u00f0a<\/a>r<\/a>,<\/em> var haldinn \u00e1ri\u00f0 1707 og fjalla\u00f0i, eins og nafni\u00f0 gefur til kynna, um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig gangur s\u00f3lar \u00e1 hvelfingunni \u00e1kvar\u00f0ar hin svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u loftslagsbelti. Beltin eru tekin fyrir hvert af \u00f6\u00f0ru og eiginleikum \u00feeirra l\u00fdst \u00ed nokkrum sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um, me\u00f0al annars ve\u00f0urfari og hva\u00f0a \u00e1hrif s\u00f3lin hefur \u00e1 l\u00edf \u00feeirra, sem \u00fear b\u00faa.<\/p>\n

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Til vinstri er fors\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 disp\u00fatat\u00edu Magn\u00fasar Arasonar, Um belti jar\u00f0ar<\/em>, fr\u00e1 1707. –<\/strong> Til h\u00e6gri er fors\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 b\u00e6klingi hans fr\u00e1 1710 me\u00f0 erfilj\u00f3\u00f0inu um Ole R\u00f8mer<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Minningarlj\u00f3\u00f0 um Ole R\u00f8mer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erfilj\u00f3\u00f0 Magn\u00fasar<\/a> um fyrrum kennara sinn og fyrirmynd, Ole R\u00f8mer<\/a>, er haft me\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessari upptalningu \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 fjallar a\u00f0 verulegu leyti um afrek R\u00f8mers \u00e1 svi\u00f0i st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra l\u00e6rd\u00f3mslista. Me\u00f0al annars er ort um \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un hans \u00e1 endanlegum hra\u00f0a lj\u00f3ssins, h\u00f6nnun og sm\u00ed\u00f0i stjarnm\u00e6lingat\u00e6kja og l\u00edk\u00f6n hans af hreyfingu himintungla.<\/p>\n

Einfaldar \u00fer\u00edhyrningam\u00e6lingar<\/strong>
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\u00c1 d\u00f6gum Magn\u00fasar Arasonar voru \u00fer\u00edhyrningam\u00e6lingar og kortager\u00f0 eitt af virkustu svi\u00f0um hagn\u00fdttrar st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur sag\u00f0i, var\u00f0 hann me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum fyrsti \u00edslenski landm\u00e6lingama\u00f0urinn. \u00d6nnur af tveimur disp\u00fatat\u00edum hans fr\u00e1 1710 <\/i>fjallar um \u00feau fr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 nokku\u00f0 s\u00e9rs\u00f6kum sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li (hin var \u00feri\u00f0ja disp\u00fatat\u00eda hans um tungli\u00f0).<\/p>\n

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Fors\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 disp\u00fatat\u00edu Magn\u00fasar, Um einfaldari hj\u00e1lpart\u00e6ki \u00ed flatarm\u00e1lsfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em>,<\/i> fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed desember 1710.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00cd upphafi disp\u00fatat\u00edunnar,\u00a0Um einfaldari hj\u00e1lpart\u00e6ki \u00ed flatarm\u00e1lsfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a>,<\/i> segir Magn\u00fas a\u00f0 tilgangur hennar s\u00e9, a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u201ehvernig h\u00e6gt er me\u00f0 prikum einum a\u00f0 kanna fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0ir tiltekinna sta\u00f0a, eins \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir s\u00e9u \u00f3a\u00f0gengilegir, einnig breidd flj\u00f3ta og st\u00e6r\u00f0 hva\u00f0a horna sem vera skal \u00e1 v\u00ed\u00f0avangi. Og prikin gera sama gagn og alls kyns skrautlegt og r\u00e1nd\u00fdrt verkf\u00e6raprj\u00e1l sem afla ver\u00f0ur me\u00f0 meiri t\u00edmas\u00f3un og fyrirh\u00f6fn<\/em>\u201c. A\u00f0fer\u00f0 Magn\u00fasar byggist \u00e1 flatarm\u00e1lsfr\u00e6\u00f0i og disp\u00fatat\u00edan er \u00fev\u00ed myndskreytt. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun h\u00e9r<\/a> (bls. 22).<\/p>\n

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Opna \u00far disp\u00fatat\u00edu Magn\u00fasar, Um <\/i>einfaldari<\/i> hj\u00e1lpart\u00e6ki<\/i> \u00ed<\/i> flatarm\u00e1lsfr\u00e6\u00f0i,<\/i> fr\u00e1 1710. Ekki var algengt \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn \u00feess t\u00edma, a\u00f0 menn birtu teikningar \u00ed prentu\u00f0um h\u00e1sk\u00f3laritger\u00f0um, eins og h\u00e9r er gert. Til d\u00e6mis eru engar myndir \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum disp\u00fatat\u00edum Magn\u00fasar.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00deetta var s\u00ed\u00f0asta verki\u00f0 sem Magn\u00fas samdi \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn og sk\u00f6mmu s\u00ed\u00f0ar ger\u00f0ist hann \u201everkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur\u201c (ingenieur) \u00ed mannvirkjasveit danska hersins.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deetta yfirlit var upphaflega birt \u00ed desember 2017 sem hluti af f\u00e6rslunni Rit eftir \u00cdslendinga \u00e1 l\u00e6rd\u00f3ms\u00f6ld: St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar l\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistir. . St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega l\u00e6rd\u00f3msmannsins og lat\u00ednusk\u00e1ldsins Magn\u00fasar Arasonar er n\u00fa einkum minnst sem fyrsta \u00edslenska landm\u00e6lingamannsins. Eftir n\u00e1m og st\u00f6rf \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn gekk Magn\u00fas \u00ed mannvirkjasveit danska hersins og var a\u00f0 lokum sendur til \u00cdslands til landm\u00e6linga. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-atjanda-oldin","category-staerdfraedi","category-stjornufraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13670"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13670\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}