{"id":20146,"date":"2022-04-19T15:31:22","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T15:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/einar\/?p=20146"},"modified":"2022-04-19T15:31:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T15:31:22","slug":"islendingar-sem-birt-hafa-rit-um-sogu-raunvisinda-drog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/?p=20146","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdslendingar sem birt hafa rit um s\u00f6gu raunv\u00edsinda – Dr\u00f6g"},"content":{"rendered":"

Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skr\u00e1in er ekki t\u00e6mandi – <\/span>F\u00e6rsluh\u00f6fundur \u00feiggur me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6kkum allar athugasemdir sem og \u00e1bendingar um vi\u00f0b\u00e6tur.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Me\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0 og t\u00edma er skr\u00e1nni \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 yfir sem flesta \u00cdslendinga, sem birt hafa ritsm\u00ed\u00f0ar um s\u00f6gu raunv\u00edsinda<\/a> (\u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a>), \u00e1n tillits til \u00feess hvort \u00fe\u00e6r eru frumsamdar, \u00fe\u00fdddar e\u00f0a endursag\u00f0ar. Ekki ver\u00f0ur heldur ger\u00f0ur greinarmunur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hvort ritin fjalla s\u00e9rstaklega um s\u00f6gu raunv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi e\u00f0a um v\u00edsindas\u00f6gu almennt.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9r er fulllj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 talsver\u00f0 slags\u00ed\u00f0a er \u00e1 skr\u00e1nni. Hallinn er \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00e1hugasvi\u00f0um m\u00ednum, sem eru einkum stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a>, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a> og st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a>. Eflaust vantar \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed skr\u00e1na \u00fdmsa h\u00f6funda, sem fjalla\u00f0 hafa um s\u00f6gu annarra e\u00f0lisv\u00edsinda<\/a> sem og l\u00edfv\u00edsinda<\/a>. \u00c9g vona, a\u00f0 lesendur hj\u00e1lpi m\u00e9r a\u00f0 fylla \u00ed ey\u00f0urnar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 senda m\u00e9r gagnlegar uppl\u00fdsingar.<\/p>\n

\u00cd samantekt sem \u00feessari er \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 birta fulln\u00e6gjandi ritaskr\u00e1 fyrir allan h\u00f3pinn, enda eru sl\u00edkar skr\u00e1r yfirleitt ekki au\u00f0fundnar (\u00ed skr\u00e1nni er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed sumum tilvikum h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast ritaskr\u00e1r me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 smella \u00e1 vi\u00f0eigandi n\u00f6fn e\u00f0a a\u00f0ra tengla). H\u00e9r hef \u00e9g \u00fev\u00ed teki\u00f0 \u00feann kost a\u00f0 nefna a\u00f0eins nokkrar helstu v\u00edsindas\u00f6guritsm\u00ed\u00f0ar vi\u00f0komandi h\u00f6funda, stundum \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0eins eina, og \u00ed vissum tilvikum enga.<\/p>\n

Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skr\u00e1in er \u00ed tveimur hlutum:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. \n
        \n
      1. L\u00e1tnir h\u00f6fundar \u00ed aldursr\u00f6\u00f0.<\/li>\n
      2. Lifandi h\u00f6fundar \u00ed stafr\u00f3fsr\u00f6\u00f0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n

        I<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
        \n

        17. og 18. \u00f6ld<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        G\u00edsli Einarsson<\/a> sk\u00f3lameistari \u00ed Sk\u00e1lholti og s\u00ed\u00f0ar prestur \u00e1 Helgafelli (1621-1688).<\/p>\n

        Hann reikna\u00f0i \u00e1rlegt almanak fyrir Kaupmannah\u00f6fn \u00e1ri\u00f0 1650 og undirbj\u00f3 prentun \u00feess: Almanach Paa det Aar […] M.DC.L<\/a>. S\u00ed\u00f0asti kaflinn, Continuatio historia om Astromomi\u00e6 Begyndelse oc Fremgang<\/em>, fjallar \u00e1 frekar einfaldan h\u00e1tt um s\u00f6gu stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0innar fr\u00e1 t\u00edmum Pt\u00f3lema\u00edosar fram \u00e1 daga T\u00fdch\u00f3s Brahe. Kaflinn var s\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asti af \u00feremur um s\u00f6guna. Hinir tveir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1\u00f0ur birst \u00ed alman\u00f6kunum 1648 og 1649, sem a\u00f0rir en G\u00edsli g\u00e1fu \u00fat. M\u00e9r er \u00fev\u00ed ekki lj\u00f3st, hvort kaflinn er skrifa\u00f0ur af G\u00edsla sj\u00e1lfum, e\u00f0a einhverjum \u00f6\u00f0rum. Ekki veit \u00e9g heldur vi\u00f0 hva\u00f0a heimild(ir) h\u00f6fundurinn studdist, en nefna m\u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00e1 16. og 17. \u00f6ld var fyrst og fremst fjalla\u00f0 um s\u00f6gu stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0innar \u00ed inngangi rita um stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00ed prentu\u00f0um fyrirlestrum l\u00e6rd\u00f3msmanna.<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u00deorleifur Halld\u00f3rsson<\/a> sk\u00f3lameistari \u00e1 H\u00f3lum (1683-1713).<\/p>\n

        \u00cd latneskri disp\u00fatat\u00edu hans fr\u00e1 1706, De inventione astronomi\u00e6 apud Chald\u00e6os<\/a> (Um uppruna stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0innar me\u00f0al Kaldea) er tekin fyrir deilan um \u00fea\u00f0, hvort stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0in s\u00e9 upprunin me\u00f0al Kaldea (Babyl\u00f3n\u00edumanna), Hebrea e\u00f0a Egifta. Hinn forni spekingur J\u00f3sephus<\/a> (1. \u00f6ld e.Kr.) h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram, a\u00f0 Seth sonur Adams hef\u00f0i uppg\u00f6tva\u00f0 stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ina og \u00a0\u00feekking hans \u00e1 stj\u00f6rnuhimninum hef\u00f0i ver\u00f0i\u00f0 skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 tv\u00e6r s\u00falur, sem st\u00f3\u00f0ust syndafl\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0.\u00a0 Samkv\u00e6mt J\u00f3sepheusi voru \u00fea\u00f0 N\u00f3i og synir hans, einkum Sem, sem var\u00f0veittu \u00feessa \u00feekkingu og h\u00fan barst \u00e1fram til Kaldea, ni\u00f0ja Sems. A\u00f0 lokum var \u00fea\u00f0 svo Abraham, sem f\u00e6r\u00f0i Egiftum stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ina og \u00fea\u00f0an barst h\u00fan til Forn-Grikkja.<\/p>\n

        Hugmyndir J\u00f3sephusar lif\u00f0u enn g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00e1 endurreisnart\u00edmanum. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna, a\u00f0 T\u00fdch\u00f3 Brahe fjalla\u00f0i um \u00fe\u00e6r \u00ed opinberum fyrirlestri, sem hann h\u00e9lt vi\u00f0 Hafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 1574 (sj\u00e1 Translation of Tycho Brahe’s De disciplinis mathematicis<\/a>, bls. 315-16).<\/p>\n

        Umfj\u00f6llunin \u00ed disp\u00fatat\u00edu \u00deorleifs byggir fyrst og fremst \u00e1 tilvitnunum \u00ed \u00e1tor\u00edtet eins og \u00a0J\u00f3sephus sj\u00e1lfan, L\u00fakret\u00edus<\/a> (1. \u00f6ld f.Kr.), Diodoros<\/a> (1. \u00f6ld f.Kr.), Cicer\u00f3<\/a> (106-43 f.Kr), Polydore Vergil<\/a> (1470-1555), Gol\u00edus<\/a> (1596-1667), Horn\u00edus<\/a> (1620-1670) og A. Le Grand<\/a> (1629-1699), sem og Bibl\u00eduna. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a hans er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 Kaldear hafi fyrstir m\u00f3ta\u00f0 stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ina, en hvorki Hebrear n\u00e9 Egiftar. Sj\u00e1 \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi:<\/p>\n