{"id":20481,"date":"2022-10-25T16:53:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T16:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/einar\/?p=20481"},"modified":"2022-10-25T16:53:09","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T16:53:09","slug":"fra-hofudskepnum-til-frumeinda-og-oreinda-islendingar-og-kenningar-um-innstu-gerd-og-edli-efnisins-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/?p=20481","title":{"rendered":"Fr\u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnum til frumeinda og \u00f6reinda: \u00cdslendingar og kenningar um innstu ger\u00f0 og e\u00f0li efnisins I"},"content":{"rendered":"

Inngangur \u00e1samt yfirliti um t\u00edmabili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum til l\u00e6rd\u00f3msaldar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cd byrjun j\u00fal\u00ed \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012 fylgdist \u00f6ll heimsbygg\u00f0in me\u00f0 af athygli, \u00feegar tilkynnt var, a\u00f0 hin svokalla\u00f0a Higgs-eind<\/a> hef\u00f0i loksins fundist \u00ed fl\u00f3knum tilraunum me\u00f0 LHC<\/a>, sterkeinda-hra\u00f0linum mikla \u00ed CERN<\/a>. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var lokahnykkurinn \u00ed vi\u00f0amiklu \u00e1taki e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0inga til a\u00f0 sannreyna sta\u00f0all\u00edkan \u00f6reindafr\u00e6\u00f0innar<\/a>, kenningu sem gefur n\u00e6r fullkomna l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 \u00f6llum \u00feekktum \u00f6reindum og v\u00edxlverkunum \u00feeirra (sj\u00e1 stutta myndr\u00e6na umfj\u00f6llun h\u00e9r<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 fundur Higgs-eindarinnar hafi veri\u00f0 h\u00e1punkturinn \u00ed langri s\u00f6gu, sem teygir sig aftur \u00ed gr\u00e1a fornesku. Sagan s\u00fa fjallar um leit mannsins a\u00f0 s\u00edfellt d\u00fdpri skilningi \u00e1 innsta e\u00f0li efnisins og h\u00fan l\u00fdsir \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig hugmyndir um ger\u00f0 \u00feess hafa breyst \u00ed gegnum aldirnar. \u00deessari l\u00f6ngu og fl\u00f3knu atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1s hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 \u00edtarleg skil \u00ed fleiri b\u00f3kum og t\u00edmaritsgreinum en t\u00f6lu ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 komi\u00f0 og me\u00f0al annars af \u00feeim s\u00f6kum ver\u00f0ur ekki fjalla\u00f0 um hana \u00ed neinum sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um h\u00e9r, heldur v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00edtarlegri heimilda \u00ed s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku fylgiskjali<\/a> (sj\u00e1 skr\u00e1 A).<\/p>\n

Sta\u00f0an \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00deessi f\u00e6rsla er s\u00fa fyrsta af fimm<\/a>, sem fjalla um kynni \u00cdslendinga af helstu kenningum um innstu ger\u00f0 efnisins. Fram undir 1780 voru \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu l\u00e6r\u00f0ir \u00cdslendingar, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00feekkingu \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i og \u00fe\u00e1 einkum \u00ed gegnum erlendar kennslub\u00e6kur og alfr\u00e6\u00f0irit af \u00fdmsu tagi (sj\u00e1 t.d. skr\u00e1 B<\/a>). \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugum \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar, eftir a\u00f0 fyrstu fr\u00e6\u00f0sluritin komu \u00fat \u00e1 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1linu, sem \u00edslenskum almenningi gafst t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 kynnast fyrir alv\u00f6ru hugmyndum erlendra manna um innsta e\u00f0li efnisins (sj\u00e1 skr\u00e1 C<\/a>). Sk\u00f6mmu fyrir mi\u00f0ja n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld kom \u00fat Nj\u00f3la<\/a> Bj\u00f6rns Gunnlaugssonar, merkt heimspekilegt lj\u00f3\u00f0 um raunv\u00edsindi og n\u00e1tt\u00farugu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i. Verki\u00f0 haf\u00f0i veruleg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 b\u00e6ndur og b\u00faali\u00f0, og \u00fear er me\u00f0al annars fjalla\u00f0 um athyglisver\u00f0a frumagnakenningu h\u00f6fundarins.<\/p>\n

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Fors\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1\u00a0\u00feri\u00f0ju \u00fatg\u00e1fu Nj\u00f3lu<\/a>. \u00cd \u00feessu st\u00f3rmerka lj\u00f3\u00f0i Bj\u00f6rns er sett fram fyrsta, og sennilega eina, s\u00e9r\u00edslenska kenningin um innsta e\u00f0li efnisins (\u00ed IV kafla). Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a heimspekilega kenningu bygg\u00f0a \u00e1 svokalla\u00f0ri kraftahyggju (dynamism). Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun h\u00e9r<\/a> og h\u00e9r<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cd kj\u00f6lfar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra menningarstrauma, sem og \u00fer\u00f3unar \u00ed menntam\u00e1lum \u00ed Danaveldi \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og fyrri hluta \u00feeirrar tuttugustu, j\u00f3kst \u00e1hugi \u00e1 v\u00edsindum og t\u00e6kni sm\u00e1m saman h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. S\u00edfellt fleiri \u00cdslendingar \u00f6flu\u00f0u s\u00e9r \u00feekkingar \u00e1 \u00feessum svi\u00f0um, einkum \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn.\u00a0 Me\u00f0al annars af \u00feeim s\u00f6kum og eins vegna vaxandi tungum\u00e1lakunn\u00e1ttu og aukinnar \u00fatg\u00e1fu fr\u00e6\u00f0sluefnis h\u00e9r heima og erlendis m\u00e1 segja, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 upphaf seinni heimsstyrjaldarinnar hafi hinn d\u00e6miger\u00f0i \u00cdslendingur veri\u00f0 b\u00fainn a\u00f0 f\u00e1 nokku\u00f0 \u00edtarlegar fr\u00e9ttir af breytingunum miklu, sem ur\u00f0u \u00ed e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i um og upp \u00far aldam\u00f3tunum 1900. H\u00e9r er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 tilkomu afst\u00e6\u00f0iskenningar og skammtafr\u00e6\u00f0i og me\u00f0fylgjandi kenningar um at\u00f3m, at\u00f3mkjarna og \u00f6reindir (um komu afst\u00e6\u00f0iskenningarinnar til \u00cdslands m\u00e1 lesa h\u00e9r<\/a>, h\u00e9r<\/a> og h\u00e9r<\/a>). Fullveldi\u00f0 1918 og stofnun st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ideildar vi\u00f0 Menntask\u00f3lann \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1919 me\u00f0 tilheyrandi eflingu e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ikennslu haf\u00f0i einnig veruleg \u00e1hrif hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

Eftir seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ldina og b\u00fab\u00f3tina, sem henni fylgdi fyrir \u00cdslendinga, h\u00f3fst \u00fer\u00f3un sem \u00e1 endanum leiddi til \u00feeirrar bl\u00f3mlegu starfsemi, sem n\u00fa blasir vi\u00f0 \u00ed v\u00edsindum og t\u00e6kni h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Stofnun l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins 1944 og \u00e1hrifin fr\u00e1 fyrstu kjarnorkusprengjunum \u00e1ri\u00f0 1945, kalda str\u00ed\u00f0inu og upphafi geimaldar \u00ed kringum 1960 skiptu og verulegu m\u00e1li \u00e1 \u00feeirri vegfer\u00f0. Me\u00f0 tilkomu Raunv\u00edsindastofnunar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1ri\u00f0 1966 og raunv\u00edsindan\u00e1mi vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, sem fylgdi \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0, mynda\u00f0ist h\u00e9r \u00f6flugur vettvangur fyrir ranns\u00f3knir og kennslu \u00ed raunv\u00edsindum. N\u00fa er svo komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00edslenskir raunv\u00edsindamenn eru or\u00f0nir fullgildir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri leit v\u00edsindasamf\u00e9lagsins a\u00f0 heildarskilningi \u00e1 e\u00f0li efnis og orku.<\/p>\n

F\u00e6rslurnar fjalla um \u00fea\u00f0, hvernig erlendar hugmyndir um ger\u00f0 og e\u00f0li efnisins b\u00e1rust til \u00cdslands \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum til loka tuttugustu aldar. Fyrst er glugga\u00f0 \u00ed rita\u00f0ar heimildir um heimsmyndina fr\u00e1 ka\u00fe\u00f3lskum t\u00edma. N\u00e6st er r\u00e6tt um \u00feekkinguna, sem \u00edslenskir st\u00fadentar s\u00f3ttu \u00ed n\u00e1tt\u00faruspekikennsluna vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu fr\u00e1 si\u00f0askiptum til mi\u00f0rar n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar.\u00a0 \u00de\u00e1 kemur umfj\u00f6llun um kynni \u00cdslendinga af at\u00f3mv\u00edsindum\u00a0 \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og fyrri hluta \u00feeirrar tuttugustu.\u00a0 A\u00f0 lokum er fari\u00f0 \u00f6rf\u00e1um or\u00f0um um \u00fer\u00f3unina h\u00e9r heima \u00e1 seinni hluta tuttugustu aldar.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar \u2013 Hin fornu frumefni<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

R\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 minna \u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt rekja megi hugmyndir Vesturlandab\u00faa um \u00f3deilanleg at\u00f3m (\u00fe.e. frumeindir) og t\u00f3mi\u00f0 milli \u00feeirra til Forn-Grikkjanna Levkipposar<\/a> og Dem\u00f3kr\u00edtosar<\/a>, sem uppi voru \u00e1 fimmtu \u00f6ld fyrir okkar t\u00edmatal (f.o.t.), \u00fe\u00e1 hlaut at\u00f3mhyggja<\/a> l\u00edti\u00f0 fylgi me\u00f0al n\u00e1tt\u00faruspekinga fyrr en vel var li\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ldina.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa mynd af innsta e\u00f0li efnisins, sem langflestir a\u00f0hylltust fram a\u00f0 \u00feeim t\u00edma, var bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 kenningu Arist\u00f3telesar<\/a> (384\u2013322\u00a0f.o.t) um hin svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u s\u00edgildu frumefni<\/a>, j\u00f6r\u00f0<\/em>, vatn<\/em>, loft<\/em> og eld<\/em>, sem lengi voru k\u00f6llu\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnur<\/em> \u00e1 \u00edslensku. Hugmyndina m\u00e1 reyndar rekja til Emped\u00f3klesar<\/a> (um 450 f.o.t.; sj\u00e1 einnig h\u00e9r<\/a>) og forvera hans, en \u00fea\u00f0 var Arist\u00f3teles sem fullm\u00f3ta\u00f0i kenninguna<\/a> og kynnti \u00ed verkum s\u00ednum og kennslu, auk \u00feess sem hann b\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 fimmta frumefninu, hinum himneska vaka<\/a> (eter). \u00cd kenningu Arist\u00f3telesar er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir samfeldum efnisveruleika, a\u00f0 efni\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00f3endanlega deilanlegt og a\u00f0 t\u00f3m s\u00e9 ekki til (\u201ehorror vacui\u201c).<\/p>\n

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Samkv\u00e6mt kenningu Arist\u00f3telesar voru \u00f6ll efnisleg fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00ed hinum s\u00edbreytilega og forgengilega hluta heimsins, sem n\u00e1\u00f0i fr\u00e1 jar\u00f0armi\u00f0ju \u00fat a\u00f0 tunglhvelinu, ger\u00f0 \u00far bl\u00f6ndu fj\u00f6gurra frumefna \u00ed mismunndi hlutf\u00f6llum. \u00deau voru k\u00f6llu\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0, vatn, loft og eldur. Ekki m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 taka n\u00f6fnin of b\u00f3kstaflega. Me\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0 var t.d. \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00f6ll f\u00f6st efni og vatn n\u00e1\u00f0i yfir \u00f6ll flj\u00f3tandi efni, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al kvikasilfur. Frumefninin h\u00f6f\u00f0u jafnframt \u00e1kve\u00f0na einkennandi eiginleika: j\u00f6r\u00f0in var \u00feurr og k\u00f6ld, vatni\u00f0 kalt og vott, lofti\u00f0 vott og heitt og eldurinn heitur og \u00feurr. Arist\u00f3teles b\u00e6tti einnig vi\u00f0 fimmta frumefninu, vaka, sem var b\u00e6\u00f0i fullkomi\u00f0 og \u00f3breytanlegt. \u00dar \u00fev\u00ed var allur hinn himneski hluti heimsins, f\u00f6ruhnettirnir, fastastj\u00f6rnurnar og himinhvelin. Myndin er fengin a\u00f0 l\u00e1ni \u00far b\u00f3kinni Efni\u00f0<\/a> eftir R.E. Lapp og fl. fr\u00e1 1968 (bls. 12).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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H\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar<\/strong> \u00ed \u00edslenskum fornritum<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cd fornum \u00edslenskum ritum mun hvergi vera minnst \u00e1 at\u00f3m. Hins vegar er \u00fear v\u00ed\u00f0a viki\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnunum<\/a> fj\u00f3rum, j\u00f6r\u00f0, vatni, lofti og eldi. \u00cd handritinu AM 685d<\/em>,<\/em> 4to<\/em>,<\/em> (31r) stendur til d\u00e6mis \u00feessi texti (s\u00e1 Alfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00edslenzk<\/em>a<\/em> III<\/em>, bls. 75):<\/p>\n

Svo segir Imago mundi, a\u00f0 heimurinn s\u00e9 vaxinn sem egg, og svo sem skurn er utan um eggi\u00f0, svo er eldur umhverfis heiminn, og svo sem skjall er n\u00e6st skurni, svo er og loft n\u00e6st eldi, og svo sem hi\u00f0 hv\u00edta \u00far eggi \u00fea\u00f0 er n\u00e6st skjalli, svo eru v\u00f6tn n\u00e6st lofti, og svo sem hi\u00f0 rau\u00f0a er \u00ed eggi, svo er j\u00f6r\u00f0in lukt i \u00feessum h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnum.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

H\u00f6fundur Imago Mundi<\/a> var gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0inginn Honorius Augustodunensis<\/a>, sem samdi verki\u00f0 \u00ed kringum 1120. \u00dea\u00f0 var eitt af m\u00f6rgum \u00feekktum alfr\u00e6\u00f0iritum<\/a> \u00ed Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Einnig m\u00e1 nefna Etymologiae<\/a> og De natura rerum<\/a> eftir \u00cdsid\u00f3r fr\u00e1 Sevilla<\/a>, fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta sj\u00f6undu aldar. H\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar eru til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um verkunum, en \u00ed Etymologiae<\/em> fjallar \u00cdsid\u00f3r einnig um at\u00f3mtilg\u00e1tuna<\/a>. \u00cd einf\u00f6ldum kennsluritum s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0alda, \u00fear sem efniskenningar eru \u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0 \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1, eru h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar n\u00e6r undantekningalaust einar til umr\u00e6\u00f0u. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna fr\u00e6gustu stjarnfr\u00e6\u00f0ikennslub\u00f3k allra t\u00edma, De sphaera mundi<\/a>, eftir Sacrobosco<\/a>. \u00dear er r\u00e6tt um h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar strax \u00ed upphafi fyrsta kafla<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum hefur raunv\u00edsindaleg \u00feekking borist hinga\u00f0 til lands me\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0um m\u00f6nnum, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00edslenskum og erlendum, sem numi\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0u vi\u00f0 evr\u00f3pska sk\u00f3la. B\u00f3kleg \u00feekking var me\u00f0al annars var\u00f0veitt \u00ed \u00edslenskum klaustrum og \u00ed d\u00f3msk\u00f3lunum \u00ed Sk\u00e1lholti og \u00e1 H\u00f3lum. \u00dear hefur henni v\u00e6ntanlega veri\u00f0 mi\u00f0la\u00f0 til sk\u00f3lapilta, a\u00f0 minnsta kosti a\u00f0 hluta.<\/p>\n

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Mynd af jar\u00f0mi\u00f0juheimi Arist\u00f3telesar \u00ed \u00edslenska handritinu AM 732b 4to fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri fj\u00f3rt\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00cd innsta hring, sem t\u00e1knar jar\u00f0k\u00faluna, eru taldir upp eiginleikar h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnanna fj\u00f6gurra. Utar taka vi\u00f0 hvel vatns, lofts og elds. \u00dear fyrir utan eru hvel f\u00f6ruhnattanna sj\u00f6: tungls, Merk\u00far\u00edusar, Venusar, s\u00f3lar, Mars, J\u00fap\u00edters og Sat\u00farnusar. \u00cd hornum myndarinnar er frekari l\u00fdsing \u00e1 eiginleikum h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnanna. Myndin s\u00fdnir ekki ysta hveli\u00f0, hvel fastastjarnanna, sem umlykur hinn endanlega og eil\u00edfa heim Arist\u00f3telesar. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari l\u00fdsingu \u00ed Alfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00edslenzkri III, bls. 63.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar koma v\u00ed\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu en \u00ed stj\u00f6rnulist fornaldar. \u00de\u00e6r birtast me\u00f0al annars \u00ed hinum fornu vessakenningum<\/a>, sem lengi var beitt \u00ed l\u00e6knislist, h\u00e9r sem annars sta\u00f0ar, og fjalla um mikilv\u00e6gi l\u00edkamsvessanna fj\u00f6gurra: bl\u00f3\u00f0s<\/em>, guls galls<\/em>, svarts galls <\/em>og sl\u00edms<\/em>. \u00de\u00e1 er og vel \u00feekkt, a\u00f0 \u00ed verkinu T\u00edma\u00edosi<\/a>, fr\u00e1 um 360 f.o.t., tengir Platon h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnurnar vi\u00f0 r\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0i, b\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 reglulega margfl\u00f6tunga<\/a> og r\u00famfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg hlutf\u00f6ll. Eins og fram kemur \u00ed grein<\/a> Krist\u00ednar Bjarnad\u00f3ttur og Bjarna Halld\u00f3rssonar um Algorismus<\/em> fr\u00e1 2021 (bls. 180-185), er svipa\u00f0a umr\u00e6\u00f0u a\u00f0 finna um hlutf\u00f6ll og h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnur \u00ed \u00edslenska handritinu GKS 1812 4to<\/em> (16r\u201316v) og hj\u00e1 Platoni \u00ed T\u00edma\u00edosi<\/em> (31b-32c).<\/p>\n

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Mynd \u00far \u00edslenska handritinu AM 736 III, 4to, fol. (1r) fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri sext\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. H\u00fan s\u00fdnir n\u00f6fn h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnanna fj\u00f6gurra \u00ed hringjunum til vinstri. Ne\u00f0st er j\u00f6r\u00f0, n\u00e6st vatn, \u00fe\u00e1 loft og efst eldur. Ofan vi\u00f0 hvern hring, h\u00e6gra megin, standa \u00ed or\u00f0um og a\u00f0 r\u00f3mverskum h\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e6r t\u00f6lur, sem h\u00f6fu\u00f0skepnunum fj\u00f3rum eru eigna\u00f0ar: 27 (eldur), 18 (loft), 12 (vatn). T\u00f6luna 8 (j\u00f6r\u00f0) vantar \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 myndina. \u00dearna er \u00e1kve\u00f0in samsv\u00f6run vi\u00f0 hugmyndir \u00ed T\u00edma\u00edosi Platons (sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun h\u00e9r<\/a> (bls. 183-185). \u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert, a\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f3mkirkjunni \u00ed Anagni \u00e1 \u00cdtal\u00edu er a\u00f0 finna veggmynd<\/a>, sem l\u00edkist mj\u00f6g \u00feessari.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Gagnlegar heimildir<\/em> (sj\u00e1 einnig h\u00e9r<\/a>)<\/p>\n