{"id":4577,"date":"2018-06-02T10:45:14","date_gmt":"2018-06-02T10:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/einar\/?p=4577"},"modified":"2018-06-02T10:45:14","modified_gmt":"2018-06-02T10:45:14","slug":"nutima-raunvisindi-a-islandi-fyrstu-skrefin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/?p=4577","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fat\u00edma raunv\u00edsindi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi: Fyrstu skrefin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 land bygg\u00f0ist hafa \u00cdslendingar lagt stund \u00e1 \u00feau vi\u00f0fangsefni, sem vi\u00f0 \u00ed dag k\u00f6llum raunv\u00edsindi (\u00fe.e. st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i). \u00deetta \u00e1 ekki s\u00edst vi\u00f0 um stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i og st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og hafa m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edka i\u00f0ju veri\u00f0 r\u00e6dd \u00e1 \u00feessari bloggs\u00ed\u00f0u og \u00ed heimildum, sem bent hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00ed fyrri f\u00e6rslum.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi \u00e1kve\u00f0na f\u00e6rsla er tilt\u00f6lulega stutt. H\u00e9r ver\u00f0ur l\u00e1ti\u00f0 n\u00e6gja a\u00f0 telja upp nokkra \u00edslenska frumherja \u00e1 hinum \u00fdmsu svi\u00f0um n\u00fat\u00edma n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsinda (\u00fe.e. raunv\u00edsinda, jar\u00f0v\u00edsinda og l\u00edfv\u00edsinda) \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og \u00ed byrjun \u00feeirrar tuttugustu. \u00de\u00f3tt talsvert hafi n\u00fa \u00feegar veri\u00f0 skrifa\u00f0 um \u00feessa fyrstu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenskra v\u00edsindamanna, er miki\u00f0 verk enn \u00f3unni\u00f0 hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar s\u00f6gu raunv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld. Miki\u00f0 starf b\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed (v\u00edsinda)sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0inga vi\u00f0 frekari umfj\u00f6llun og greiningu \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3un n\u00fat\u00edma raunv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og \u00e1hrifum \u00feeirra \u00e1 l\u00edf almennings og menntun og menningu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar<\/p>\n

Upphaf n\u00fat\u00edma raunv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld sem hinar \u00fdmsu verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i- og raunv\u00edsindagreinar ur\u00f0u a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um n\u00e1msgreinum vi\u00f0 evr\u00f3pska og bandar\u00edska h\u00e1sk\u00f3la. S\u00fa breyting olli \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0al annars, a\u00f0 menn g\u00e1tu n\u00fa loksins \u00fatskrifast me\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lagr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed greinum eins og verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i, st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

Flj\u00f3tlega eftir a\u00f0 hi\u00f0 n\u00fdja fyrirkomulag var innleitt \u00ed Danaveldi, fyrst me\u00f0 tilkomu Fj\u00f6llistask\u00f3lans<\/a> (Den Polytekniske L\u00e6reanstalt) \u00e1ri\u00f0 1829 og s\u00ed\u00f0an me\u00f0 stofnun St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i- og n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindasvi\u00f0s<\/a> Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la (Det Matematisk-naturvidenskabelige Fakultet) \u00e1ri\u00f0 1850, h\u00f3fu nokkrir \u00cdslendingar \u00fear n\u00e1m, \u00fdmist \u00ed verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindum. Enginn \u00far \u00feessum f\u00e1menna h\u00f3pi \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lagr\u00e1\u00f0u fyrr en 1890. \u00deekktastur \u00feeirra er sennilega \u00deorvaldur Thoroddsen<\/a>, sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast einn merkasti n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindama\u00f0ur \u00cdslendinga fyrr og s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur fyrir brotthvarfi fr\u00e1 n\u00e1mi voru margv\u00edslegar. Stundum bu\u00f0ust n\u00e1msm\u00f6nnum st\u00f6\u00f0ur heima \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, me\u00f0al annars sem kennarar v\u00f0 L\u00e6r\u00f0a sk\u00f3lann<\/a> (sj\u00e1 t.d. h\u00e9r<\/a>), sumir skiptu um svi\u00f0 og enn a\u00f0rir misstu hreinlega \u00e1hugann e\u00f0a d\u00f3u ungir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Silfurtorgi\u00f0 \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn \u00ed kringum 1900. \u00dearna m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 hi\u00f0 gl\u00e6silega h\u00fas \u00fear sem Fj\u00f6llistask\u00f3linn<\/a> var til h\u00fasa \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1890 til 1957. \u00cd h\u00fasinu var ekki a\u00f0eins kennd verkfr\u00e6\u00f0i, heldur f\u00f3r \u00f6ll kennsla Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i fram \u00fear, a\u00f0 minnsta kosti til \u00e1rsins 1921, \u00feegar Niels Bohr stofnunin<\/a> t\u00f3k til starfa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fyrsti \u00cdslendingurinn, sem lauk magisterpr\u00f3fi \u00ed raunv\u00edsindum \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn var e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn\u00a0Nikul\u00e1s Run\u00f3lfsson<\/a>, en hann \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist 1890. Fyrsti \u00edslenski verkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn, Sigur\u00f0ur Thoroddsen<\/a> lauk pr\u00f3fi 1891 og fyrsti d\u00fdrafr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn, Bjarni S\u00e6mundsson<\/a>, \u00feremur \u00e1um s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1896 lauk Helgi J\u00f3nsson<\/a> pr\u00f3fi \u00ed grasafr\u00e6\u00f0i og 1897 var\u00f0 Helgi Pjeturss<\/a> svo magister \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i.\u00a0 \u00c1sgeir Torfason<\/a> lauk pr\u00f3fi \u00ed efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 1903 og\u00a0 \u00d3lafur Dan Dan\u00edelsson<\/a> \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i 1904.<\/p>\n

\u00deess m\u00e1 geta, a\u00f0 Nikul\u00e1s Run\u00f3lfsson starfa\u00f0i aldrei sem e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i hins vegar \u00deorkell \u00deorkelsson<\/a>, sem var\u00f0 n\u00e6stur \u00e1 eftir Nikul\u00e1si til a\u00f0 lj\u00faka magisterpr\u00f3fi \u00ed e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00e1ri\u00f0 1903.<\/p>\n

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1905 var\u00f0i Helgi Pjeturss doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn og 1909 hlaut \u00d3lafur Dan einnig doktorsnafnb\u00f3t vi\u00f0 sk\u00f3lann fyrir ranns\u00f3knir s\u00ednar \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1910 var\u00f0i Helgi J\u00f3nsson svo doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00ed grasafr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Hafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la.<\/p>\n

N\u00fat\u00edma raunv\u00edsindi n\u00e1\u00f0u fyrst alv\u00f6ru f\u00f3tfestu \u00ed \u00edslensku sk\u00f3lakerfi vi\u00f0 stofnun st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ideildar<\/a> vi\u00f0 Menntask\u00f3lann \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1919. \u00dea\u00f0 voru \u00feeir \u00d3lafur Dan Dan\u00edelsson og \u00deorkell \u00deorkelsson sem einkum \u00e1ttu hei\u00f0urinn a\u00f0 uppbyggingu deildarinnar, en tilvist hennar haf\u00f0i mikil og varanleg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3un raunv\u00edsinda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.\u00a0 \u00c1 n\u00e6sta \u00e1ri \u00e1 st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ideildin aldarafm\u00e6li, og \u00e9g leyfi m\u00e9r a\u00f0 vona a\u00f0 haldi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i upp \u00e1 \u00feau t\u00edmam\u00f3t me\u00f0 veglegum h\u00e6tti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6rf\u00e1 or\u00f0 um fyrstu l\u00f6ggiltu \u00edslensku stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ingana<\/span><\/p>\n

Fyrstur \u00cdslendinga til a\u00f0 lj\u00faka h\u00e1sk\u00f3lagr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i var Skagfir\u00f0ingurinn Sturla Einarsson<\/span>. Hann t\u00f3k BA-pr\u00f3f \u00ed greininni vi\u00f0 Minnesotah\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed Minneapolis \u00e1ri\u00f0 1905 og hlaut s\u00ed\u00f0an doktorsnafnb\u00f3t (Ph.D.) \u00ed stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Kaliforn\u00eduh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed Berkeley \u00e1ri\u00f0 1913.\u00a0 Sturla starfa\u00f0i aldrei \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, enda fluttist hann fj\u00f6gurra \u00e1ra gamall me\u00f0 foreldrum s\u00ednum til Vesturheims.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert, a\u00f0 doktorsritger\u00f0 Sturlu fjallar um svipa\u00f0 efni og n\u00e6sti stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0imennta\u00f0i \u00cdslendingurinn, Stein\u00fe\u00f3r Sigur\u00f0sson<\/a>, t\u00f3k fyrir \u00ed magisterritger\u00f0 sinni vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 1929. Um var a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fatreikninga \u00e1 brautum svokalla\u00f0ra Tr\u00f3jusm\u00e1stirna<\/a>. N\u00e1nar ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um \u00feetta atri\u00f0i \u00ed komandi f\u00e6rslu um Sturlu og verk hans<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Stj\u00f6rnuathugunarst\u00f6\u00f0 Hafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la<\/a>. \u00dearna var stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ideildin til h\u00fasa 1861-1996 og \u00fearna nam Stein\u00fe\u00f3r Sigur\u00f0sson s\u00edna stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i hj\u00e1 Elis Str\u00f6mgren<\/a>. Fyrir framan h\u00fasi\u00f0 stendur stytta af Tycho Brahe<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A\u00f0 lokum m\u00e1 nefna, a\u00f0 n\u00e6stu tveir \u00cdslendingarnir, sem luku pr\u00f3fi \u00ed sjarnv\u00edsindum \u00e1 eftir \u00feeim Sturlu og Stein\u00fe\u00f3ri, skrifu\u00f0u einnig doktorsritger\u00f0ir um efni, sem tengdust einu og sama stjarnfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega fyrirb\u00e6rinu, \u00ed \u00feetta sinn s\u00f3linni. Ritger\u00f0 Trausta Einarssonar<\/a> vi\u00f0 G\u00f6ttingenh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 1934 fjalla\u00f0i um m\u00f6guleika \u00feess a\u00f0 gera samfelldar athuganir \u00e1 s\u00f3lk\u00f3r\u00f3nunni<\/a> og \u00deorsteinn S\u00e6mundsson<\/a> t\u00f3k fyrir \u00e1hrif s\u00f3larinnar \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0ina \u00ed ritger\u00f0 sinni vi\u00f0 Lund\u00fanah\u00e1sk\u00f3la 1962 (sj\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis h\u00e9r<\/a> og h\u00e9r<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 land bygg\u00f0ist hafa \u00cdslendingar lagt stund \u00e1 \u00feau vi\u00f0fangsefni, sem vi\u00f0 \u00ed dag k\u00f6llum raunv\u00edsindi (\u00fe.e. st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i). \u00deetta \u00e1 ekki s\u00edst vi\u00f0 um stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i og st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og hafa m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edka i\u00f0ju veri\u00f0 r\u00e6dd \u00e1 \u00feessari bloggs\u00ed\u00f0u og \u00ed heimildum, sem bent hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5,9,14,15,19],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wizardly-antonelli.176-10-35-210.plesk.page\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}